{"id":360,"date":"2025-10-16T01:09:34","date_gmt":"2025-10-16T01:09:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/exploremitchelville.org\/dig-site\/?p=360"},"modified":"2026-02-04T18:57:27","modified_gmt":"2026-02-04T18:57:27","slug":"1980s-the-chicora-foundation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/exploremitchelville.org\/dig-site\/archaeology-collections\/1980s-the-chicora-foundation\/","title":{"rendered":"The 1980s Collection"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"360\" class=\"elementor elementor-360\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac7fe2d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ac7fe2d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ce4a301 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3ce4a301\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This Collection documents the work of The Chicora Foundation in Historic Mitchelville. The first archaeological work done at the Park was done in the 1980s at the request of the then property owners. (Trinkley 1986, 1990). In 1981, after a local contractor, John Crogan, purchased the land, he began excavating it for development. He and his supervisor Gerry Weckhorse quickly realized they were uncovering archaeology as they prepared the site for development. They knew the huge pieces of pots they were looking at were probably hundreds, if not thousands of years old, and it felt was much more important to have archaeologists come look at the site than to develop it. Below features images project researchers found in the course of their work, or images from their work, a community friendly report of their work, and highlights from their archival work. To read the report click below.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dff1b2e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"dff1b2e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-424228f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"424228f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Chicora Image Collection<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c05f2a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7c05f2a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">1980s Chicora Archaeological Research - Image Collection<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f0a2565 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"f0a2565\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8ddb37 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"f8ddb37\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">        \n        <div class=\"dig-gallery-container\" id=\"dig-gallery-1\" data-gallery-id=\"dig-gallery-1\">\n            <div class=\"dig-masonry-grid\">\n                                    <div class=\"dig-masonry-item\" \n                         data-index=\"0\"\n                         data-title=\"\"\n                         data-caption=\"Mitchelville, October 1864\"\n                         data-description=\"Chicora Researchers were the first to find photographs of Mitchelville taken during the war years housed in the National Archives and Records Administration. Note the glass window panes, fenced in back yard with drying line, and the sandy road out front.\"\n                         data-credit=\"NARA 165-C-135\">\n                        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/exploremitchelville.org\/dig-site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/165-C-135-scaled.jpg\" \n                             alt=\"\"\n                             loading=\"lazy\">\n                                                    <div class=\"dig-image-caption\">Mitchelville, October 1864<\/div>\n                                            <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"dig-masonry-item\" \n                         data-index=\"1\"\n                         data-title=\"\"\n                         data-caption=\"Mitchelville, October 1864.\"\n                         data-description=\"Chicora Researchers were the first to find photographs of Mitchelville taken during the war years housed in the National Archives and Records Administration. Note the woman out front (she was posing), and bed outside the house.\"\n                         data-credit=\"NARA 165-C-136\">\n                        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/exploremitchelville.org\/dig-site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/165-C-136-scaled.jpg\" \n                             alt=\"\"\n                             loading=\"lazy\">\n                                                    <div class=\"dig-image-caption\">Mitchelville, October 1864.<\/div>\n                                            <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"dig-masonry-item\" \n                         data-index=\"2\"\n                         data-title=\"\"\n                         data-caption=\"Photo taken during the war years\"\n                         data-description=\"Chicora Researchers were the first to find photographs of Mitchelville taken during the war years housed in the National Archives and Records Administration. Note the brick chimney and small houses compared to the others.\"\n                         data-credit=\"NARA 165-C-137\">\n                        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/exploremitchelville.org\/dig-site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/165-C-137-scaled.jpg\" \n                             alt=\"\"\n                             loading=\"lazy\">\n                                                    <div class=\"dig-image-caption\">Photo taken during the war years<\/div>\n                                            <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"dig-masonry-item\" \n                         data-index=\"3\"\n                         data-title=\"\"\n                         data-caption=\"Chicora Archaeologist Michael Trinkley and two other archaeologists excavating in Mitchelville, early 1980s\"\n                         data-description=\"Chicora Archaeologist Michael Trinkley and two other archaeologists excavating in Mitchelville, early 1980s\"\n                         data-credit=\"Trinkley et. al, 1986\">\n                        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/exploremitchelville.org\/dig-site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Fig.-1-Chicora-scaled.png\" \n                             alt=\"\"\n                             loading=\"lazy\">\n                                                    <div class=\"dig-image-caption\">Chicora Archaeologist Michael Trinkley and two other archaeologists excavating in Mitchelville, early 1980s<\/div>\n                                            <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"dig-masonry-item\" \n                         data-index=\"4\"\n                         data-title=\"\"\n                         data-caption=\"Chicora Archaeologists excavating in Mitchelville in early 1980s\"\n                         data-description=\"Chicora Archaeologists excavating in Mitchelville in early 1980s\"\n                         data-credit=\"Trinkley et. al, 1986\">\n                        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/exploremitchelville.org\/dig-site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Fig.-2-Chicora-scaled.png\" \n                             alt=\"\"\n                             loading=\"lazy\">\n                                                    <div class=\"dig-image-caption\">Chicora Archaeologists excavating in Mitchelville in early 1980s<\/div>\n                                            <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"dig-masonry-item\" \n                         data-index=\"5\"\n                         data-title=\"\"\n                         data-caption=\"Chicora - Ceramic artifacts associated with Kitchen activitie\"\n                         data-description=\"A group of ceramic artifacts associated with Kitchen activities found during Chicora excavations. The Chicora analysis found 9590 artifacts related to Kitchen based activities. These artifacts were ceramic and glass. The ceramic artifacts were mostly from the 1800&#039;s, though a few pieces of earlier kinds were found. This &quot;photo plate&quot; shows a selection of the most common types of ceramics the archaeologists found in this excavations. A-B are Blue handpainted pearlware; C-D Annular and Common cable Pearlware; F-G Blue Transfer printed Whiteware; H-I, edged Pearlware; J-L, Blue Transfer printed Whiteware; Q, non-blue Transfer printed Whiteware with underglazed polychrome handpainting; R-S edged whiteware, T-V, stamped Whiteware, V, soft bodied white Porcelain. Figure 57.p.219, Trinkley et.al, 1986\"\n                         data-credit=\"Trinkley et. al, 1986\">\n                        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/exploremitchelville.org\/dig-site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Fig.-57-Chicora-scaled.png\" \n                             alt=\"\"\n                             loading=\"lazy\">\n                                                    <div class=\"dig-image-caption\">Chicora - Ceramic artifacts associated with Kitchen activitie<\/div>\n                                            <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"dig-masonry-item\" \n                         data-index=\"6\"\n                         data-title=\"\"\n                         data-caption=\"Chicora - Glass artifacts associated with Kitchen activities\"\n                         data-description=\"A group of glass artifacts associated with Kitchen activities found during Chicora excavations. Another group of &quot;Kitchen&quot; associated artifacts are container glass (bottles vs. drinking glasses). The Chicora archaeologists identified 1261 pieces of container glass. Most of these were pieces of alcohol or medicine bottles. A very few quantity of non-alcoholic bottle glass was identified. A, salt-glazed ale bottle; B-E panel bottles (medicinal), F, soda bottle neck with &quot;lightening&quot; wire stopper; G gothic food container; H-J, pharmaceutical glass; L-M, stemware; N, &quot;Sawtooth&quot; pressed milk glass; O-P, tumbler; Q, mug. Fig. 58, p.231, Trinkley et.al, 1986.\"\n                         data-credit=\"Trinkley et. al, 1986\">\n                        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/exploremitchelville.org\/dig-site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Fig.-58-Chicora-scaled.png\" \n                             alt=\"\"\n                             loading=\"lazy\">\n                                                    <div class=\"dig-image-caption\">Chicora - Glass artifacts associated with Kitchen activities<\/div>\n                                            <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"dig-masonry-item\" \n                         data-index=\"7\"\n                         data-title=\"\"\n                         data-caption=\"Chicora - &quot;Arms&quot; related artifacts\"\n                         data-description=\"A group of &quot;Arms&quot; related artifacts found during the Chicora excavations. Chicora archaeologists identified about 150 artifacts associated with furniture and 83 artifacts associated with armaments; 23 percussion caps, 17 lead shot, seven minie balls, one Williams cleaner bullet, 10 .22 shells, four .38 shells, 2 .12 gauge shotgun shells, 4 gunflints, 2 trigger fragments, and one trigger guard. A-B brass furniture escutcheons; C, brass drawer pull; D, trunk hardware; E, brass wick cap; F, brass and iron burner; G, crimper lamp chimney glass; H-I, gunflints; J-K, .58 caliber minie balls;\"\n                         data-credit=\"Trinkley et. al, 1986\">\n                        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/exploremitchelville.org\/dig-site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Fig.-59-Chicora-scaled.png\" \n                             alt=\"\"\n                             loading=\"lazy\">\n                                                    <div class=\"dig-image-caption\">Chicora - &quot;Arms&quot; related artifacts<\/div>\n                                            <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"dig-masonry-item\" \n                         data-index=\"8\"\n                         data-title=\"\"\n                         data-caption=\"Chicora - &quot;Personal&quot; artifacts\"\n                         data-description=\"A group of &quot;Personal&quot; artifacts from Chicora excavations. The archaeologists identified 55 artifacts associated with &quot;Personal&quot; use. Examples of this are umbrella ribs, purse hardware, an earring, jewelry, bone comb fragments, a picture frame, a key fragment, coins, a brass paper brad, ink well fragments, slate pencils and tablets. A-L, scissors; D-E, brass thimbles; F, rosary piece; G, bone toothpick; H, brass picture frame; I, brass bar pin; J-K, ruler hinges; L, pen nib; M, finger ring; N-P, kaolin tobacco smoking pipe bowls; Q-S, kaolin pipe stems; T, red clay &quot;T.D.&quot; pipe; U-V, brass saw screws; W, glazed and painted porcelain doll&#039;s head; X-Y, military insignia; Z, unidentified brass piece.\"\n                         data-credit=\"Trinkley et. al, 1986\">\n                        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/exploremitchelville.org\/dig-site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Fig.-60-Chicora-scaled.png\" \n                             alt=\"\"\n                             loading=\"lazy\">\n                                                    <div class=\"dig-image-caption\">Chicora - &quot;Personal&quot; artifacts<\/div>\n                                            <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"dig-masonry-item\" \n                         data-index=\"9\"\n                         data-title=\"\"\n                         data-caption=\"1861 military map of the SC\/GA coastline\"\n                         data-description=\"An 1861 military map of the SC\/GA coastline located by Trinkley. This map illustrates areas that had been taken over by the Union Army by December of 1861 and military installations around the coast. Map of portions of the Sea Coast of South Carolina and Georgia in possession of the United States, December 12th, 1861. Prepared by C. O. Boutelle, Asst. U.S. Coast Survey.\"\n                         data-credit=\"https:\/\/www.noaa.gov\/media\/digital-library-photo\/pl23cgs05612jpg\">\n                        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/exploremitchelville.org\/dig-site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/pl23_cgs05612-scaled.jpg\" \n                             alt=\"\"\n                             loading=\"lazy\">\n                                                    <div class=\"dig-image-caption\">1861 military map of the SC\/GA coastline<\/div>\n                                            <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"dig-masonry-item\" \n                         data-index=\"10\"\n                         data-title=\"\"\n                         data-caption=\"1865 Quartermaster Map\"\n                         data-description=\"This map was drawn in 1865 by the office of the Army Quartermaster and was relocated by Michael Trinkley in the 1980s (only 1\/4 of the map is shown here). Because Mitchelville was technically under the control of the Army during the war years, all documents relating to it are housed in the National Archive and Records Administration, which houses military documents. Different than the Library of Congress, Michael Trinkley had to review many Quartermaster documents to find information about Mitchelville like this map.\"\n                         data-credit=\"National Archives Catalog, U.S. National Archives and Records Administration\">\n                        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/exploremitchelville.org\/dig-site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/MvilleMapB-2-1.png\" \n                             alt=\"\"\n                             loading=\"lazy\">\n                                                    <div class=\"dig-image-caption\">1865 Quartermaster Map<\/div>\n                                            <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"dig-masonry-item\" \n                         data-index=\"11\"\n                         data-title=\"Figure 22 Chicora\"\n                         data-caption=\"Chicora - 1874 plat map\"\n                         data-description=\"This plat map shows the lands set aside in 1874 on the southeastern edge of Hilton Head Island reserved for the military. This area was the same area previously inhabited by Fort Welles and the rest of the Headquarters of the Union Army, called &quot;Port Royal&quot; during the war. It remained a military reserve until the end of the Spanish American War in the 1890s which is why there was a late 1800s steam cannon placed there. This area is currently Port Royal Plantation.\"\n                         data-credit=\"Trinkley et. al, 1986\">\n                        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/exploremitchelville.org\/dig-site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Figure-22-Chicora-e1769915434955.png\" \n                             alt=\"Figure 22 Chicora\"\n                             loading=\"lazy\">\n                                                    <div class=\"dig-image-caption\">Chicora - 1874 plat map<\/div>\n                                            <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"dig-masonry-item\" \n                         data-index=\"12\"\n                         data-title=\"SC_Hilton Head\"\n                         data-caption=\"1920 Army Corp of Engineers Quadrangle Map\"\n                         data-description=\"This Army Corp of Engineers Quadrangle map of a portion of Hilton Head Island from 1920 shows Mitchelville (not to scale). Trinkley was able to locate Mitchelville on several maps from the war years until the 1920s.\"\n                         data-credit=\"1920 Army Corp of Engineers U.S. Hilton Head Quadrangle Map\">\n                        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/exploremitchelville.org\/dig-site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/SC_Hilton-Head-1.png\" \n                             alt=\"SC_Hilton Head\"\n                             loading=\"lazy\">\n                                                    <div class=\"dig-image-caption\">1920 Army Corp of Engineers Quadrangle Map<\/div>\n                                            <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"dig-masonry-item\" \n                         data-index=\"13\"\n                         data-title=\"\"\n                         data-caption=\"Refugee barracks outside Fort Welles on Hilton Head Island\"\n                         data-description=\"This illustration was detailing the &quot;new&quot; barracks in the refugee settlement outside Fort Welles, becuase the previous camp, made of ramshackle tents and lean-to&#039;s had mad national news for being a palce of disease (small pox) and suffering. This was published 3 months before General Mitchel arrived and proclaimed this area to be dismantled and Mitchelville built.\"\n                         data-credit=\"Frank Leslie&#039;s Illustrated Newspaper 1862 07 19 Volume 14, Issue 355 page 269\">\n                        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/exploremitchelville.org\/dig-site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Port_Royal_Island_frankleslie-scaled.jpg\" \n                             alt=\"\"\n                             loading=\"lazy\">\n                                                    <div class=\"dig-image-caption\">Refugee barracks outside Fort Welles on Hilton Head Island<\/div>\n                                            <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        \n        <!-- Lightbox Modal -->\n        <div id=\"dig-imageModal-dig-gallery-1\" class=\"dig-modal\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n            <span class=\"dig-close\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Close\">\u00d7<\/span>\n            <div class=\"dig-modal-nav dig-modal-prev\">\u276e<\/div>\n            <div class=\"dig-modal-nav dig-modal-next\">\u276f<\/div>\n            <div class=\"dig-modal-content-wrapper\">\n                <div class=\"dig-modal-content\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"dig-modal-image\" src=\"\" alt=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"dig-modal-info\">\n                        <h3 class=\"dig-modal-caption\"><\/h3>\n                        <p class=\"dig-modal-title\"><\/p>\n                        <p class=\"dig-modal-description\"><\/p>\n                        <p class=\"dig-credit\"><\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        \n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b3da32f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b3da32f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0190fea elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0190fea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Report on The Chicora Foundation Work<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14fde19 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"14fde19\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-742b265 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"742b265\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is a report describing Chicora&#8217;s work and findings. This report is a synthesis of the long-form, scientific report the Chicora archaeologists wrote in the 1980s.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae818dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ae818dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/exploremitchelville.org\/dig-site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Review-of-Chicora-Archaeology-at-Mitchelville-Digmitchelville-Series-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"791\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/exploremitchelville.org\/dig-site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Chicora-Archaeology-at-Mitchelville-791x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1380\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/exploremitchelville.org\/dig-site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Chicora-Archaeology-at-Mitchelville-791x1024.jpg 791w, https:\/\/exploremitchelville.org\/dig-site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Chicora-Archaeology-at-Mitchelville-232x300.jpg 232w, https:\/\/exploremitchelville.org\/dig-site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Chicora-Archaeology-at-Mitchelville-768x994.jpg 768w, https:\/\/exploremitchelville.org\/dig-site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Chicora-Archaeology-at-Mitchelville-1187x1536.jpg 1187w, https:\/\/exploremitchelville.org\/dig-site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Chicora-Archaeology-at-Mitchelville-1583x2048.jpg 1583w, https:\/\/exploremitchelville.org\/dig-site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Chicora-Archaeology-at-Mitchelville-200x259.jpg 200w, https:\/\/exploremitchelville.org\/dig-site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Chicora-Archaeology-at-Mitchelville-scaled.jpg 1978w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 791px) 100vw, 791px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7db17a7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"7db17a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/exploremitchelville.org\/dig-site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Review-of-Chicora-Archaeology-at-Mitchelville-Digmitchelville-Series-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">View Report<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65eeda0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"65eeda0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd3ce22 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fd3ce22\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Archival Highlights<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-267b2bb elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"267b2bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c33aee4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"c33aee4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">        \n        <!-- DEBUG: Total quotes: 7 -->\n        <div class=\"dig-quotes-grid-container\" id=\"dig-quotes-grid-1\">\n            <div class=\"dig-quotes-grid\">\n                                    <!-- DEBUG: Rendering card 1 -->\n                    <div class=\"dig-quote-card\" data-index=\"0\">\n                                                    <h3 class=\"dig-quote-card-topic\">On the Reasoning for the Formation of Mitchelville<\/h3>\n                                                \n                        <div class=\"dig-quote-card-excerpt\">\n                            \"&quot;[t]he present negro quarters- a long row of partitions into which are crowded young and...\"\n                        <\/div>\n                        \n                                                    <div class=\"dig-quote-card-source\">\n                                New York Times                            <\/div>\n                                                \n                        <button class=\"dig-quote-read-more\" data-quote-index=\"0\">\n                            Read More\n                        <\/button>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <!-- DEBUG: Rendering card 2 -->\n                    <div class=\"dig-quote-card\" data-index=\"1\">\n                                                    <h3 class=\"dig-quote-card-topic\">&quot;The Negroes&quot;<\/h3>\n                                                \n                        <div class=\"dig-quote-card-excerpt\">\n                            \"&quot;[some wholesome changes are contemplated by the new regime General O.M. Mitchel, who assumed command...\"\n                        <\/div>\n                        \n                                                    <div class=\"dig-quote-card-source\">\n                                The New South                            <\/div>\n                                                \n                        <button class=\"dig-quote-read-more\" data-quote-index=\"1\">\n                            Read More\n                        <\/button>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <!-- DEBUG: Rendering card 3 -->\n                    <div class=\"dig-quote-card\" data-index=\"2\">\n                                                    <h3 class=\"dig-quote-card-topic\">On the Layout of Mitchelville<\/h3>\n                                                \n                        <div class=\"dig-quote-card-excerpt\">\n                            \"\u201c..unfortunately laid out on too contracted a scale. The plot of ground assigned to each...\"\n                        <\/div>\n                        \n                                                    <div class=\"dig-quote-card-source\">\n                                Nordhoff                            <\/div>\n                                                \n                        <button class=\"dig-quote-read-more\" data-quote-index=\"2\">\n                            Read More\n                        <\/button>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <!-- DEBUG: Rendering card 4 -->\n                    <div class=\"dig-quote-card\" data-index=\"3\">\n                                                    <h3 class=\"dig-quote-card-topic\">Describing Mitchelville<\/h3>\n                                                \n                        <div class=\"dig-quote-card-excerpt\">\n                            \"\u201c[t]he town is on a broad sandy plain, bordered by groves and thickets of live-oak,...\"\n                        <\/div>\n                        \n                                                    <div class=\"dig-quote-card-source\">\n                                Coffin 1866:231-232                            <\/div>\n                                                \n                        <button class=\"dig-quote-read-more\" data-quote-index=\"3\">\n                            Read More\n                        <\/button>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <!-- DEBUG: Rendering card 5 -->\n                    <div class=\"dig-quote-card\" data-index=\"4\">\n                                                    <h3 class=\"dig-quote-card-topic\">On the function of Mitchelville<\/h3>\n                                                \n                        <div class=\"dig-quote-card-excerpt\">\n                            \"\u201cMitchelville, then, was much more than a refugee camp or holding area. It was a...\"\n                        <\/div>\n                        \n                                                    <div class=\"dig-quote-card-source\">\n                                Trinkely, Chapter 1, p.84                            <\/div>\n                                                \n                        <button class=\"dig-quote-read-more\" data-quote-index=\"4\">\n                            Read More\n                        <\/button>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <!-- DEBUG: Rendering card 6 -->\n                    <div class=\"dig-quote-card\" data-index=\"5\">\n                                                    <h3 class=\"dig-quote-card-topic\">Mitchelville residents selling at Fort Welles<\/h3>\n                                                \n                        <div class=\"dig-quote-card-excerpt\">\n                            \"\u201c[t]he Subsistence Department will purchase all the Potatoes, Onions, Turnips and Cabbages they may have...\"\n                        <\/div>\n                        \n                                                    <div class=\"dig-quote-card-source\">\n                                The Free South, February, 1864 p.2                            <\/div>\n                                                \n                        <button class=\"dig-quote-read-more\" data-quote-index=\"5\">\n                            Read More\n                        <\/button>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <!-- DEBUG: Rendering card 7 -->\n                    <div class=\"dig-quote-card\" data-index=\"6\">\n                                                    <h3 class=\"dig-quote-card-topic\">M. A. Burnett, AMA Teacher on Mitchelville<\/h3>\n                                                \n                        <div class=\"dig-quote-card-excerpt\">\n                            \"\u201c[t[here are several large plantations upon which are small settlements, (on Hilton Head Island) but...\"\n                        <\/div>\n                        \n                                                    <div class=\"dig-quote-card-source\">\n                                M.A. Burnett                            <\/div>\n                                                \n                        <button class=\"dig-quote-read-more\" data-quote-index=\"6\">\n                            Read More\n                        <\/button>\n                    <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        \n        <!-- Modal for Full Quote -->\n        <div class=\"dig-quote-modal\" id=\"dig-quote-modal-1\">\n            <div class=\"dig-quote-modal-overlay\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"dig-quote-modal-content\">\n                <button class=\"dig-quote-modal-close\">&times;<\/button>\n                \n                <div class=\"dig-quote-modal-body\">\n                    <div class=\"dig-quote-modal-topic\"><\/div>\n                    <div class=\"dig-quote-modal-text\"><\/div>\n                    <div class=\"dig-quote-modal-meta\">\n                        <div class=\"dig-quote-modal-source\"><\/div>\n                        <div class=\"dig-quote-modal-referenced\"><\/div>\n                        <div class=\"dig-quote-modal-context\"><\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                \n                <!-- Navigation arrows for modal -->\n                <button class=\"dig-quote-modal-nav dig-quote-modal-prev\">\u276e<\/button>\n                <button class=\"dig-quote-modal-nav dig-quote-modal-next\">\u276f<\/button>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        \n        <script type=\"application\/json\" class=\"dig-quotes-data\" data-grid-id=\"dig-quotes-grid-1\">\n            [{\"topic\":\"On the Reasoning for the Formation of Mitchelville\",\"text\":\"\\\"[t]he present negro quarters- a long row of partitions into which are crowded young and old, males and female, without respect either to quality or quantity, such as this far been the necessity - having become a sort of Five Points, half style, half brothel, the Major-General [O.M\\\/ Mitchell has ordered to be removed outside the encampments], and accordingly a piece of ground has been selected near the Drayton Plantation, about two miles off, for a negro village. The negroes are to build their own houses, and as it is thought to be high time they should begin to learn what freedom means by experience of self-dependence, they are to be left as much as possible to themselves... in preparation for the advances of the army, when they will be intrusted with the entire charge of the islands. A teacher has been provided for them - since they have as yet to had non upon this island - who will be paid from the Quartermaster's Department.\\\"\",\"source\":\"New York Times\",\"date\":\"October 8, 1862\",\"referenced_in\":\"\",\"context\":\"\"},{\"topic\":\"\\\"The Negroes\\\"\",\"text\":\"\\\"[some wholesome changes are contemplated by the new regime General O.M.\\r\\nMitchel, who assumed command September 17, 1862], not the least of which is the removal of the negro quarters beyond the stockage...where they can at once have more comfort and freedom for improvement...Accordingly, a spot has been selected near the Drayton Plantation for a Negro village. They are able to build their own houses, and will probably be encouraged to establish their own police under supervision of their Superintendent. A teacher, Ashbell Lando, has been appointed, to be paid from the Quartermaster's Department...Mr. McMath is at present the Superintendent of the people on the island [McMath was mentioned by Edward Pierce, also in 1862].\\\"\",\"source\":\"The New South\",\"date\":\"October, 1862\",\"referenced_in\":\"\",\"context\":\"\"},{\"topic\":\"On the Layout of Mitchelville\",\"text\":\"\\u201c..unfortunately laid out on too contracted a scale. The plot of ground assigned to each cottage is not large enough to furnish support to the owners\\u2026.It seemed to me, too, that the site chosen was the least fertile I saw\\u2026.the people are contented and industrious; I saw women and children in every \\u201clot\\u201d, planting sweet potatoes, and preparing the ground for corn. I observed that wood ashes are used as manure.\\\"\",\"source\":\"Nordhoff\",\"date\":\"1863a:11\",\"referenced_in\":\"\",\"context\":\"\"},{\"topic\":\"Describing Mitchelville\",\"text\":\"\\u201c[t]he town is on a broad sandy plain, bordered by groves and thickets of live-oak, palmetto, and the coast pine. At that time there were about twenty houses,- or cabins rather,- of the rudest description, built of logs, chinked with clay brought up from the beach, roofs of long split shingles, board floors, windows with shutters, - plain board blinds without sash or glass. Each house had a quarter of an acre of land attached. There was no paint or lime, not even whitewash, about them.\",\"source\":\"Coffin 1866:231-232\",\"date\":\"\",\"referenced_in\":\"\",\"context\":\"\"},{\"topic\":\"On the function of Mitchelville\",\"text\":\"\\u201cMitchelville, then, was much more than a refugee camp or holding area. It was a self-governing town with the first compulsory education law in South Carolina. The structures, unlike the previous military barracks, were built by the blacks with materials largely supplied by the military. As a consequence, the structures were likely to be more individualized and varied in construction detail.\\u201d\",\"source\":\"Trinkely, Chapter 1, p.84\",\"date\":\"\",\"referenced_in\":\"\",\"context\":\"\"},{\"topic\":\"Mitchelville residents selling at Fort Welles\",\"text\":\"\\u201c[t]he Subsistence Department will purchase all the Potatoes, Onions, Turnips and Cabbages they may have for sale (Mitchelville residents).\\u201d\",\"source\":\"The Free South, February, 1864 p.2\",\"date\":\"\",\"referenced_in\":\"\",\"context\":\"\"},{\"topic\":\"M. A. Burnett, AMA Teacher on Mitchelville\",\"text\":\"\\u201c[t[here are several large plantations upon which are small settlements, (on Hilton Head Island) but the greater part of the colored population of the island are located a short distance from Hilton Head (meaning the Union Fort Welles) at a place called Mitchelville \\u2026.It is an incorporated town, regularly laid out in streets and squares. About 1500 inhabitants, not a single white person. There are three churches- two Baptist, one Methodist, two schools which are taught by AMA teachers.\\u201d\",\"source\":\"M.A. Burnett\",\"date\":\"January 7, 1868, AMA Archives H6901\",\"referenced_in\":\"\",\"context\":\"\"}]        <\/script>\n        \n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In the 1980s the Chicora Foundation did the first archaeology in what would become our Park. This project was the first to document the archaeology of Mitchelville and the researcher&#8217;s findings changed the way we understood American history. Read this Collection to learn more. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":364,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-360","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archaeology-collections"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/exploremitchelville.org\/dig-site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/360","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/exploremitchelville.org\/dig-site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/exploremitchelville.org\/dig-site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/exploremitchelville.org\/dig-site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/exploremitchelville.org\/dig-site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=360"}],"version-history":[{"count":189,"href":"https:\/\/exploremitchelville.org\/dig-site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/360\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1386,"href":"https:\/\/exploremitchelville.org\/dig-site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/360\/revisions\/1386"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/exploremitchelville.org\/dig-site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/364"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/exploremitchelville.org\/dig-site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=360"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/exploremitchelville.org\/dig-site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=360"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/exploremitchelville.org\/dig-site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=360"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}